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Functions and Components of Car Turbochargers
Most car racers know how essential turbochargers are in achieving additional speed in their cars.
A turbocharger can significantly boost an engine's horsepower without increasing its
weight. The turbocharger technology
was first tested in aviation and it successfully demonstrated that it can overcome the power
losses engines supported at high altitude. At the time, the purpose of the turbocharger was
to increase the altitude at which airplanes could fly. But how does a turbocharger work?
What is the main purpose of this device?
A turbocharger enhances the mass of air entering the combustion chamber of a typical internal
combustion engine. The more air entering the combustion chamber means the more explosion power is generated, hence improving the engine's
power to weight ratio at high speeds. This also translates that more horsepower and torque per explosion
is achieved resulting in a very fast car.
This speed boost is achieved with the use of the exhaust
flow from the engine to spin a turbine, which in turn spins an air pump. The burned mix is put
out through the exhaust system. This cycle happens 200 times per minute in an 8 cylinder engine
that is idling at 1000 RPMs. A higher force in the chamber gets ignited and results in a higher
exhaust pressure.
The turbocharger is bolted to the exhaust manifold of the engine. It consists of a
small turbine and a compressor, whose drive shafts are connected together, with the turbine powering
the compressor which is located between the air filter and the intake manifold. The compressor is a
type of centrifugal pump. It draws air in at the center of its blades and flings it outward as it
spins. Ceramic turbine blades are lighter than the steel blades used in most turbochargers. These
help the turbocharger accelerate more quickly, further reducing turbo lag.
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